论俄罗斯宪法法院对公民基本权利的保障

On the Safeguard of Citizens' Basic Rights in the Constitution Court of Russia

宪法诉讼是现代保障公民基本权利最为有效的方式。在俄罗斯,履行宪法诉讼职能的机构是宪法法院。实践中,宪法法院主要依托宪法诉愿制度,适用蕴含比例原则的俄罗斯宪法第55条第3款作为审查基准保障公民基本权利。此外,宪法法院还常在判决中援引国际条约和欧洲人权法院判例,其目的是用先进的权利保障标准来要求和促进俄罗斯的公民基本权利保障。

The constitution litigation is the most effective approach to safeguard the citizens' rights.In Russia,the functioning agency of constitution litigation is the Constitution Court.In practice,in accordance with the constitution petition system,the Constitution Court mainly applies Paragraph 3 of Article 55 in the Constitution of Russia,which contains the proportion principle,to safeguard the citizens' rights.Besides,the Constitution Court often applies international treaties and cases of European Human Rights Court for the purpose of adopting advanced criteria of rights safeguard to require and promote the safeguard of the citizens'rights in Russia.