论刑法规范谦抑原则

On Principle of Modest Restraint in Norms of Criminal Law

刑法规范谦抑原则主要有四个方面的合理根据,即:它是由刑法在法律体系中的地位决定的,是刑法人道化的要求,是刑法有限性的使然,是刑法经济性的体现。它包括必要性原则与最后性原则两个派生原则。前者要求刑法规范是社会调控确实必要的手段,后者要求刑法规范是在其他法律规范不足以进行社会调控时迫不得已才发挥社会调控功能的手段。其判断标准包括犯罪圈与刑事处分量两个方面。在犯罪圈方面,与之密切相关的主要是禁止处罚不当罚的行为;在刑事处分量方面,与之密切相关的主要是非刑罚化与轻刑化两个问题。

The modest restraint principle in norms of criminal law proves the ground in the following four aspects: its decisive role in criminal legal system; the humanness requirement in criminal law; the limitedness of criminal law, and the economic nature of criminal law. Besides, there are two derived principles of necessity and final resort. The former requires that norms of criminal law should be a necessary means for social control; the latter requires that such norms should be applied as the last resort where any other means is not available. The judging criteria includes limitation on criminalization and criminal punishment. The former criterion should concern that the conducts which are not deserved to punishment are prohibited from being punished; while latter criterion should focus on issues of non punishment and lenient punishment.