跨国界环境损害国家责任——外来物种入侵承责问题研究

On State Liability for Cross-border Environmental Damage——Research on Assuming Liability for Invasive Alien Species

目前,外来物种入侵已成为威胁世界物种多样性与生态环境的主要原因之一。本文在分析有关物种跨国界损害的国家责任制度的基础上,提出国家应对外来物种入侵承担国家责任的观点,即物种来源国、物种引入国以及个人应当依照共同责任原则承担责任,促使国际环境法主体特别是国家更好地约束自己的行为,最大限度地避免环境损害的发生;同时我国也应积极完善相关防治的法律制度,加强与其他国家之间的国际合作,以减轻或避免外来物种入侵给我国带来的损失。

The invasion of alien species has partially threatened the world species diversity and ecological environment. Based on analyzing the system of state liability for damages caused by cross-boarder species, this paper holds that the state should assume the liability for the invasive alien species, specifically, the origin state, the introductory state and the individuals involved should assume the liability adhering to the doctrine of joint liability so as to urge the subjects of international environment law, particularly, the state to better behave and thus to avoid the environmental damage to the maximum. In the meanwhile, our state as well should positively perfect relevant preventative legal systems and enhance the international cooperation in order to alleviate or avoid the damages to our state caused by the invasive alien species.