北京市农业景观格局变化及功能区划

Analysis of agricultural landscape and the zoning layout of agricultural function in Beijing

以1993年和2004年的土地利用现状图为基础,借助Fragstats3.3景观分析软件,分析北京市农业景观的景观和斑块类型两个水平景观指数的时空变化特征,并开展农业景观功能区划。结果表明,北京农业景观的时空分异特征明显。城区耕地、园地、林地均以干扰斑块存在于城市景观基质中,面积小,分布不均,且景观多样性趋于降低;近郊区耕地、林地景观比例大,斑块面积较大,但各景观类型镶嵌分布,景观变化快速,不利于生产型农业的发展;远郊平原区耕地斑块面积大,连片程度高,是农业的重点发展区域;远郊山区耕地少且细碎,但园地、林地分布广,人为干扰小,因而适宜发展特色种植业和林果业。据此,将北京划分为城市农业生态环境调节功能区、近郊农业生态环境保护功能区、平原农业生产功能强化区和山区农业生态涵养功能保护区等4个功能区,并提出适应于各区景观变化特征的农业引导建议。

Based on 1993 and 2004 land use maps,this paper analyzed the spatial distribution characters of agriculture landscape in Beijing on two levels by using of landscape analysis software Fragstats3.3.The results are as followings:In urban area,crop land,orchard land and woodland are all disturbing patches that scattered in matrix of build up land. Besides,small size and uneven distribution are also their characters.And,the diversity of landscape tends to reduce gradually.Though the area of woodland&crop land in suburb area are larger relatively,the landscape represents mosaic pattern and changes too quickly,what goes against further development of agriculture.With the advantages of large size and connection with each other of crop land patches,the exurb plain area will be the key region of agriculturaldevelopment in Beijing.In exurb mountainous areas,cultivated land is few and fragmented,while woodland and orchard land are widely distributed with little human disturbance;this helps to develop cash crop planting,forestry and fruit industry.According to the present characteristics and evident variation of Beijing agricultural landscape among different regions mentioned above,this paper divided agricultural ecosystem into four landscape functional regions:urban area where the agricultural function for city environment and scenery adjustment;suburb area where the agricultural function for environment protection;plain area where the agricultural function for agricultural production;mountain area of where the agricultural function for agro-ecological conservation.The results can be applied in harmonizing the relationship between agriculture economy and agriculture landscape ecology,and serving agriculture structure adjustment in Beijing to construct a'habitable city'.