黄土高原地区流域景观格局对水土流失的影响分析

Effects of watershed landscape pattern on soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau Region

水土流失是综合因素影响的结果,不能仅从单因子入手,而应该从景观水平上综合考虑,从中找出主要的生态影响因子,寻求减轻水土流失的途径和方法。该文以罗玉沟流域为研究区域,以遥感解译的3期土地利用图、实地观测的水文泥沙数据为数据源,利用ARC/VIEW的景观格局分析模块,采用对比分析的方法分析景观格局对水土流失程度的影响。结果表明:水土流失过程受自然、人为等多因素综合影响;多样性大,均匀度高,破碎度低,稳定性高的景观格局有较高的水土保持效应。

Soil erosion is caused by synthetical factors.To find out the main ecosystem factor and thus to reduce the loss of soil and water,comprehensive consideration on landscape level should be adapted instead of single influencing factor.Taking Luoyugou Watershed as the study site,based on three periods of land use maps interpreted from remote sensing images and observed hydrologic sediment data in the field,this paper analyzes the influence of landscape pattern on the degree of soil erosion by contrast analysis method using landscape pattern analysis module of ARC/VIEW software.Results indicate that the process of soil erosion has affected by synthetical factors from both nature and human activities.Landscape pattern with large variety,high evenness degree,low fragmentation and strong stability has better effect of water and soil conservation.