人工造林对八达岭森林植被木本植物生物多样性的影响

Effects of reforestation on woody plant biodiversity of forest vegetation in Badaling,Beijing

该文采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Menhinick指数和Pielou指数,对北京市八达岭地区的主要人工林和天然林植被的木本植物生物多样性进行了比较研究,并分析造林和再造林活动对木本植物生物多样性的影响。结果表明:北京八达岭地区森林植被的木本植物Shannon-Wiener指数平均为1.578,其中,人工林植被(1.425)显著低于天然林植被(1.762);而丰富度和均匀度相差不明显。不同人工林和天然林植被多样性差异程度不同,一些人工林植被的木本植物生物多样性甚至高于一部分天然林植被。通过降低人工林密度,改变林下管理等林业经营措施,可以有效地提高人工林木本植物多样性,从而有利于人工林向天然林方向发展,降低人工造林对木本植物生物多样性的影响,促进当地可持续林业的发展。

Taking Shannon-Wiener,Menhinick and Pielou indices as assessment indices,the authors studied the woody plant biodiversity of planted forest vegetation and natural forest vegetation and then analyzed the effects of afforestation and reforestation on it in Badaling,Beijing.The results show that the average Shannon-Wiener index of woody plants in the forest vegetation was 1.578.The Shannon-Wiener index of planted forest vegetation(1.425)was less than that of natural forest vegetation(1.762).However,there were no clear differences in richness and evenness.The difference degree of woody plant biodiversity between planted forest vegetation and natural forest vegetation varied;the woody plant biodiversity of some planted forest vegetations was even higher than that of some natural forest vegetations.By taking forestry management measures,such as decreasing tree density,stopping cutting plants under canopy,the biodiversity of planted forest vegetation could increase obviously,which will benefit the transition of planted forest vegetation to natural forest and the development of sustainable forestry in local areas.