GPS-RTK技术在城市测量中的应用及质量控制

Application and quality control of GPS-RTK in urban surveying.

随着全球定位系统(GPS)技术的快速发展,实时动态(RTK)测量技术也日益成熟。该文介绍了RTK技术的基本原理,对RTK技术在城市测量应用上的可行性和局限性进行了探讨。运用RTK技术测量时无需进行布网施测,不要求点间通视,误差不传播、不累积,并且在外业测量中,能实时得知定位结果和定位精度,而且RTK可以全天候地连续观测,与传统测量相比大大提高了效率,这使其在测绘领域中应用越来越广。但是RTK技术也因为卫星信号、基准站与流动站之间的障碍物、多路径误差、电波干扰、信号反射等因素的限制,影响测量成果的精度,甚至产生假值。由于RTK测量缺少自身检核条件,使得这些假值不易发现。该文提出了RTK测量质量控制的基本内容以及影响测量质量的主要因素,分析了RTK质量控制的基本方法。

With the rapid development of global positioning system (GPS),real-time kinematic (RTK) technology is getting mature.This paper introduces the fundamentals of RTK and discusses the feasibility and limitation of the application of RTK technology in urban surveying.RTK survey does not require control network as well as intervisible points,its error does not propagate and accumulate.In field surveying,it can report the positioning result and accuracy in real time.RTK enables round-the-clock continuous observations and considerably increases efficiency compared with traditional survey methods.This makes it widely applicable in surveying and mapping.However,the surveying results are often affected and even false values occur because of limitations such as satellite signals,obstacles between base station and mobile station,multi-route errors,electric wave interferences and signal reflections.In addition,these false values are not easy to detect for the lack of self- checking function.This paper proposes the basic contents of quality control in RTK survey as well as major factors affecting it,and analyzes the fundamental ways to control the RTK survey quality.