下辽河平原不同水肥条件对玉米养分吸收与分配的影响

Effect of precipitation and fertilization on nutrient uptake and distribution of maize in low reach of Liaohe River Plain

利用持续16年的长期田间试验与气象观测资料,研究了下辽河平原不同施肥与降水条件对玉米体内养分浓度、养分在籽实与秸秆中的分配比以及每形成单位籽实产量所收获养分量等的影响。结果表明,玉米体内养分浓度及养分在籽实与秸秆中的分配比例明显受施肥、降水及作物生长状况的影响。在平水年条件下,养分在籽实内累积的比例最高,其中N、P、K分别较偏旱或偏涝年景平均相对提高26．2％、33．3％和21．3％。同时,作物生长状况愈好,形成单位籽实产量所需养分量有减少的趋势,这些都说明良好的水肥条件有利作物生长,也有利于提高作物体内养分的转化利用效率。

Based on a consecutive sixteen years field trial and meteorological observation data,the effects of fertili- zation and precipitation on the concentration of nutrients in maize,the ratio of nutrients in grains and stalks as well as the harvested nutrients in each unit grain yield were studied.The result indicated that the nutrient concen- tration and the ratio of nutrients in grain vs that in stalk of maize were significantly influenced by fertilization, precipitation and crop growth status.In normal precipitation years,the ratio of nutrients accumulated in grain were highest;N,P and K contents average relative increase 26.2%、33.3% and 21.3% than the values in drought years or flood years.At the same time,the better the maize growth,the less the consumption of nutrients in pro- ducing each unit of grain products,implying that the better conditions of water,nutrients and maize growth are beneficial to increase the utilization efficiency of nutrients.