中国湿地保护与利用关系的经济政策分析

Economic Policy Analysis of Relationship between Wetland Conservation and Utilization in China

湿地是地球最具保护价值的生态系统之一,也是自然资产富集的资源系统,对国家的生态安全和可持续发展均具有重要意义。由于历史、发展和政策等原因,中国的天然湿地遭到了严重的破坏。虽然近年来,国家和社会对湿地保护越来越重视,但湿地的保护仍面临越来越大的压力。中国作为一个自然保护和社会发展矛盾冲突严重的发展中大国,在湿地保护中最重要的问题之一就是如何处理好保护与利用的关系。该文围绕中国湿地保护与利用的关系,基于湿地资源的功能属性和经济特征,系统分析了湿地保护与利用中的利益关系,提出了湿地保护与利用协调发展的政策体系。

Wetland is one of the most valuable ecosystems needed to be conserved as well as a resource system enriched with natural capital,which is significant for the national ecological security and sustainable development.For historical,developmental and political reasons,the natural wetlands in China have been destructed seriously.Although the importance of wetlands is highlighted by the government and society nowadays more and more,the wetland conservations still face a lot of pressure.As a large developing country,China bears a severe conflict between the nature conservation and the social development.One of the most important issues of wetland conservation is how to deal with the relationship between conservation and utilization.Based on the economic attribute and characteristic of wetland,this paper focuses on the relationship between wetland conservation and utilization,analyzes attributes of function of wetland and its economic characteristic,and relationship of interests being involved in wetland conservation and utilization,and proposes a coordinated development policy system of wetland conservation and utilization.