对男子速滑运动员500m起跑姿势的研究

The Comparison Research of the Two Kinds of Starting Postures Used by Male Speed Skater

采用三维摄像DLT法,用3台松下M9000摄像机在比赛条件下分别从侧面和正面进行同步定点、定焦拍摄,完整记录了参加2004年世界杯哈尔滨站男子500m速滑比赛的中、美共9名运动员的起跑动作。旨在揭示站立式起跑姿势和三点式起跑姿势的各自特点,研究结果表明:站立式起跑预备姿势利于从静止状态转入快速起动蹬冰状态,其稳定性低于三点式起跑姿势,采用三点式起跑姿势的起动前冲力更大,便于运动员增大起动步长,但采用站立式起跑姿势有利于提高起动频率;起跑阶段采用站立式起跑姿势的滑行速度明显高于采用三点式起跑姿势的运动员。

By the methods of standard three-dimensional measurement,recording the nine male athletes from China and America who attended 2004 World Cup speed skating competition(Harbin) of their starting from the front and side simultaneously of their starting.The aim is to indicate the separate characteristic of the different starting posture-standing start and horizontal start.The findings indicate that the stand start is good for the athletes to change from instance to fast skating but the steadingess is not so good as that of horizontal posture.The stand starting is good at creating highfrequency while the horizontal posture is good at creating the forward force.