兰花产业中生物技术的应用

The Application of Biotechnology in Orchid Industries

兰花是珍贵的观赏花卉,由于兰花在自然状态下繁殖困难,种子萌发率极低,故传统栽培法(分株繁殖),繁殖周期长,繁殖率低。另外,由于长期无性繁殖,造成带病毒的植株日益增多,使兰花的优良品质下降。生物技术在兰花的快繁、品种复壮、优良品种的培育等方面具有重要作用,利用这些技术进行大规模的兰花工业化生产取得了巨大的经济效益,目前已在世界范围内形成了高效益、大规模的兰花产业。本文对兰花产业中生物技术的应用进行了综述。着重阐述了兰花的组织培养及基因工程研究,兰花组织培养内容包括:外植体的取材,培养基、激素等其他外界因素对外植体培养、原球茎增殖及分化的影响等;兰花基因工程内容包括:外植体的选择和处理、选择标记基因、报告基因、转化方法等。并对生物技术在兰花产业中的应用前景进行了展望。

Orchids is precious ornamental. Its traditional cultivation depends on the propagation of individual plant. It is difficult to propagate in natural conditions, and its germinative ratio is extremely low, so the breeding cycle is long and breeding rate is low. Another, asexual propagation for long term makes plants infect more virus and causes the quality to go down. Biotechnology plays important roles in the orchids quick propagation, rejuvenescence and fine breeds' cultivation. The technologies applying in production have produced huge economic benefits in the world. The paper analyses the application of biotechnology in orchid industries, emphasizing the study of orchid's tissue culture and genetic engineering. The tissue culture of orchid includes selection of explant, effects of culture medium, hormones on cultrus of explant, multiplication and differentiation of PLBs; The genetic engineering of orchid includes selection and handling of explant, selective marker genes, report genes and transformation methods. This paper also viewed the future of the application of orchid industries.