枣树分子标记研究进展

Research Development on Molecular Markers in Chinese Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)

枣树(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)是我国特有的经济树种,栽培历史悠久。长期的育种实践表明,因其落花落果极其严重、栽培品种种仁退化严重、长期的无性繁殖,使得品种改良工作进展十分缓慢。DNA分子标记技术虽然在枣树研究中应用起步较晚,但也无疑给枣树的遗传育种工作带来了极大的便利,目前已成功应用于枣树品种鉴定、遗传多样性检测、QTL分析和遗传图谱构建等诸多领域。本文从枣树基因组DNA的分离提取和分子标记反应体系的优化开始,综述了分子标记技术在枣树品种鉴定、亲缘关系的演化及分类,自然杂交群体实生后代的杂种鉴定,遗传连锁图谱的构建、QTL定位及分子标记辅助选择育种研究中的应用进展及存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望。分子标记技术在枣树研究中的应用尚为起步阶段,也存在着广阔的发展前景。

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a precious germplasm resources originating from China, belongs to Ziziphus, Rhamnaceae family. Manpower crossbreeding has many handicaps in Chinese jujube by reason of its tiny flower, low ratio of fruit setting and hardly having seeds in most cultivars. The application of molecular markers in Chinese jujube was much later than other plants, but it also brought great convenience in breeding jujube trees. Now, they were widly used in cultivars identification, genetic diversity detection, QTL analysis, genetic linkage map construction et al.. Research development on molecular markers in Chinese jujube was summarized in this paper. Practical problems and resolutions of the development were also evaluated. Although the application of molecular markers in Chinese jujube was at its start stage, it would have a widen prospect in the future.