中国森林自然资本指数的构建及其实证研究

Construction of forest natural capital index in China and its positive analysis

森林是重要的自然资本,森林自然资本指数是一个从质和量两个方面评价森林资源状况的综合指标.构建森林自然资本指数需分别构建其数量指数和质量指数,其中质量指数的构建是难点.将质量指数分解为压力指数和状态指数,并用状态指数作为森林自然资本质量指数.在构建质量指数时以强可持续性原则和生态经济学原则为指导.森林自然资本质量状态指数的构建与以往国内外同类指数的构建有不同之处:一是为每个指标设定了基准;二是为天然林和人工林设定了不同的权重;三是指标合成时采用乘法合成.实证研究表明中国森林自然资本指数总体上呈上升趋势.分析的原因认为,统计核算口径的变化是造成1989—1998年间森林自然资本指数上升的主要因素;而林业生态工程的实施则是造成1999—2003年间森林自然资本指数上升的主要因素.

Forest is one of the important natural capital and its natural capital index can be applied to estimate the status of forest resources from quality and quantity. To construct forest natural capital index, it is needed to construct its quantity index and quality index respectively, and the latter is more difficult. Quality index is decomposed into pressure index and status index, and the latter is selected as forest natural capital quality index. The principles of strong sustainability and ecological economics emphasized the construction of quality index, which makes forest natural capital quality index has three characteristics: firstly, baselines are set down for every index; secondly, different weights are set down for natural forest and plantation; thirdly, multiplication synthesis is applied when index is synthesized. Positive study indicates that forest natural capital index in China shows an ascending trend generally. The paper indicates that change of statistical accounting criteria is the key to make forest natural capital ascend from 1989 to 1998, and forestry ecological engineering is the key to make forest natural capital ascend from 1999 to 2003.