论犯罪对象的遗失与重拾

On Losing and Recovering of Criminal Target

按照我国刑法犯罪的构成理论,犯罪对象属于选择性构成要件要素,有的犯罪有犯罪对象,有的犯罪没有犯罪对象。哲学原理告诉我们,行为必然有对象,犯罪行为是行为的一种,又怎能没有对象呢?那么犯罪对象遗失在了什么地方,因何遗失了呢?一方面是由于混淆了犯罪对象的定义与性质之间的区别,另一方面是由于部份犯罪中的犯罪客体在功能上与犯罪对象重叠。刑法学上应该区分一般犯罪对象与特殊犯罪对象。一般犯罪对象是所有犯罪都具备的对象,特殊犯罪对象是选择性对象。

According to the theory of constitutive requirements of crime in Chinese Criminal Law,criminal target belongs to selective important conditions.Some crimes have their targets,while others don not have.Philosophical principles tell us that all actions must have their targets,criminality is without exception since it is one of behaviors.Where is the Criminal target losing,and why? One reason is that we confuse the differences between its definition and nature,and the other is that some criminal objects are the same with criminal targets in function.For this reason,a general criminal target and a specific one should be distinguished from each other in Science of Criminal Law,the former is the necessary target of all crimes whereas the latter is a selective target.