真性:《儒林外史》中“德性”复合的主旨

True Nature the Keynote of Combination of Virtue and Nature in the Novel “The Scholars”

德性,本来应指社会性与自然性在个人价值中的复合,可是,在中国人传统的语用中,只言“德”,不言“性”,只褒贬人的社会性,忽视或唾弃人的自然性。伦理型的价值取向对主体的全面发展的负面影响显而易见。灵性,是人生命中最深刻的精神需求与最微妙的精神能力,而真性,也就是修炼已通的“灵性”,是“德”与“性”的复合。与《红楼梦》有所不同,《儒林外史》体现的正是由“性”而“德”从而又向更高层次的灵性———“真性”的一种过渡。

VIRTUE and NATURE are supposed to be referred to the combination of social and natural personal value.However,the language used in traditional Chinese culture is not concerned about “NATURE” but only “VIRTUE”.In other words,only “VIRTUE” is appraised with ignorance or spurning of “NATURE”.It is obvious that ethical value has a negative impact on individual's all-around development.“Spiritualism” is the most profound spiritual need and the most delicate spirit in one's life while “True nature” is the combination of “VIRTUE” and “NATURE”.Different from “A Dream of Red Mansion”,what is reflected in the novel “The Scholars” is from “NATURE” to “VIRTUE”,then a transition to a higher level-from “Spiritualism” to “True nature”.