不确定度的评定和测量结果的表示

Assessment of Degree of Uncertainty and Indication of Measuring Result

在普通物理实验中,由于系统误差和偶然误差的存在,所以测量的目的不但要得到待测量的近真值,而且要对近真值的可靠性作出评定,不确定度表征所得测量结果代表被测量的程度,也就是因为误差的存在而对被测量不能肯定的程度,因而是测量质量的表征。最后,还要根据不确定度来确定测量结果有效数字的位数,对测量结果作出正确的表示。本文对不确定度的两类分量如何进行评定、合成,对含有误差的测量结果应如何正确表示作了详细的论述和举例。

In the experiment of basic physics, for the existence of systematic error and accidental error, the purpose of measurement is not only to get truth value of measurement, but also to appraise the reliability of truth value. The degree of uncertainty characterizes the degree measured that is represented by the result of measuring. That is to say, because of the existence of error, the degree of uncertainty indicates the degree that can not be measured accurately. Therefore, it characterizes the quality of measuring. In addition, we can decide the number of valid figure of measuring result according to the degree of uncertainty, and express the measuring result correctly. In the article, it is discussed and cited in detail that how to assess and compose the two parts of degree of uncertainty, and that how to indicate the measuring result including error correctly.