玩具所属性对4～6岁幼儿分享行为的影响

On Affection of Toys' Belonging on Sharing Behavior of Children Aged 4~6

本文采用自然实验法,考察了中班和大班幼儿对于公有玩具和私有玩具的分享意愿和分享行为,结果发现:1.中班幼儿对玩具的所属不太在意。在公有玩具分享上倾向于轮流,忽视同伴以及霸占和争抢玩具的情况较明显。在私有玩具分享上主动性较高,乐于交换。分享行为受成人的引导与暗示较明显。2.大班幼儿对玩具的所属有所顾虑。在公有玩具分享上倾向于共同游戏,出现自主的利他行为。在私有玩具分享上倾向于将交换作为一种手段,道德行为受外界评价的影响较多。研究者据此提出,只有在尊重幼儿心理发展水平的基础上,提高幼儿的道德水平,才能更好地培养其分享行为。

Adopting natural experiment, the author observed sharing willingness and behavior of children aged 4~5 and 5~6. Results show that children aged 4~5 don't care much about the belong of toys. They tend to share public toys in turn, to ignore their pals and to occupy or fight for toys. While for private toys, they are more willing to share and exchange. Their sharing behavior is guided by adults. Children aged 5~6 care more about belong of toys. They tend to play public toys together and offer to share their own toys with others. They exchange private toys as a method of communication and their moral behavior is influenced by others' opinions. The author concludes that only by improving children's moral level with consideration of their psychological development can we cultivate their sharing behavior.