幼儿同伴关系发展特点与教育

On Features and Education of Children's Peer Relationship Development

同伴关系既是儿童社会化的内容,也是儿童社会化的重要途径。幼儿期是同伴关系开始发展的时期,此时期儿童同伴关系的发展对儿童日后社会性发展具有重要影响。本研究采用同伴提名法对93名小中大班幼儿进行了研究,结果表明:(1)随着年龄增长,幼儿同伴关系的选择性逐渐增强,(2)幼儿期存在明显的同性别交往倾向,(3)随着年龄增长,幼儿的评价标准逐渐统一,由主观盲目向客观标准转变。因此,教师要注重幼儿同伴关系的培养,帮助幼儿发展社会交往技能。要注意帮助幼儿学习:(1)与其他小伙伴主动接触,(2)维持积极的关系,(3)合理解决冲突。

Peer relationship is not only the content, but also an important approach of children's socialization. The development of peer relationship during infancy, the starting point of peer relation development, exerts great influence upon children's future socialization. This research, employing peer nomination method, studied 93 children in bottom, middle and top class in kindergarten. The results show that selectivity is increased with age in peer relationship, that the tendency of communicating with the same gender exists in infancy, and that children's evaluative standards tend to become unified with growing age, changing from subjectivity to objectivity. Therefore, teachers should pay more attention to cultivation of peer relationship and help children learn how to contact with other children, how to maintain positive relationship and how to settle conflicts.