中国近代教育溯源——以1900年之前的京师同文馆为视角

Trace to The Source of Chinese Modern Education——Angle of View from Jin Shi Tong Wen Guan Before 1900

京师同文馆是中国教育的一次巨大革新,是中国近代教育的起源。本文首先从微观的角度对京师同文馆的沿革、教育思想、培养目标、教学内容、教学手段、师资力量、学生来源、教育的管理与评价体系这几个方面对其作了分析;然后从宏观的角度,把京师同文馆与它所在的历史背景联系起来作了总体性的分析与评价。反思并且回顾这段历史对于了解中国近代教育的起源有重要作用,对于今天中国教育改革也有一定的现实意义。

Jing shi tong wen guan is an enormous innovate in the history of Chinese education and the origin of Chinese modernize education.In the first I analyze it from the microcosmic angle including its evolution,educational idea,how to foster students,educational content,educational measures,teachers,students and the administration and appraise of the educational system.In the second I analyze it from the macroscopic angle and make a collectivity analyze and appraise with its historical background.It is very important for us to self-reflection and review this period to know the origin of Chinese modernize education and help us reform current Chinese education.At last I mentioned the education of the movement of make foreign things serve China.It is the headspring or Jing shi tong wen guan.Its contributions to make Chinese education modernize are pursued the educational idea of 'make foreign things serve China',pushed new educational system,accelerated the innovation of new courses,bring-up modernize class of clerisies and shaped opening educational pattern.But the localization of the education of the movement of make foreign things serve China leads the localization of Jing shi tong wen guan.