三维激光扫描系统在林业中的应用研究

Application of three-dimensional laser scanning system in forestry.

该文介绍了三维激光扫描系统的组成、工作原理及仪器的性能指标、特点和操作方法.通过甘肃省小陇山林区实验,首次将三维激光扫描系统引入林业调查.通过三维激光扫描仪获取单株立木空间点云数据,利用软件建立了立木三维模型.从三维模型上可直接量测立木树高、胸径、冠幅和计算立木材积,利用获取的材积可进一步建立立木材积方程和编制立木材积表.通过与伐倒木实测数据对比,采用该系统获取的测树因子和立木材积均满足林业调查的精度要求.研究表明,采用三维激光扫描系统可实现对疏林单株立木的无损伤、高效、精准监测,可在森林资源调查中应用.

Three-dimensional laser scanning technique was introduced into forestry as a new forest survey technique for the first time,by which spatial coordinates of stumpage on the ground can be obtained.Firstly,the theory,performance,characteristics and operation of the three-dimensional laser scanning system were shown,and then the paper put emphasis upon the experiment in Xiaolong Mountain of Gansu Province.The point cloud data of each stumpage were obtained by the system and then were processed to build three-dimensional model using softwares.The factors of forest mensuration such as tree height,tree diameter at breast height and crown diameter may be directly measured in the model and the volumes can be calculated.The tree volume equation and non-standard volume table can be established by these obtained factors of forest mensuration.By comparison with the data of usual measuring method,the precision of factors of forest mensuration and tree volumes met the criteria of forest survey,and the stumpages can be non-destructively,effectively and accurately monitored with the system in sample plots.To sum up,the new means can be applied to forest resources inventory and develop standard volume table instead of traditional ways depending on lumber.