油田地表土壤甲烷氧化菌的分离鉴定及活性测定

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Methane Oxidizing Bacteria from the Soil of Oilfields and Its Activity

在地层压力的驱动下,油气藏的轻烃气体持续地向地表作垂直扩散和运移。土壤中以轻烃气体作为其唯一碳源和能源的专性微生物在油藏正上方的地表土壤中非常发育并形成微生物异常。通过检测甲烷氧化菌及烃氧化菌的数量和活性,可以判断地表微生物异常,从而指示地下油气藏的分布。传统的分析方法是采用经典的微生物分离纯化技术,操作过程烦琐,且工作量大。因此研究新的微生物分离方法已成为微生物勘探技术推广应用的必然。采集0.4m和1.5m深度油田地表土壤样品,探讨了不同的甲烷氧化菌分离方法;通过实验分离出了两株形态特异的专一性甲烷氧化菌,为甲烷氧化相关基因的克隆提供了材料。并且用气相色谱对甲烷氧化菌活性进行了测定。

The technology of microbiological prospecting for oil and gas (MPOG) is based on the propose that methane and ethane of the light components from oil and gas reservoirs can penetrate the cover above and eluted to the surface of the earth. And these light components will affect the distribution and growth of the microorganism in the surface soil of that area. If there is a probable oil and gas reservoir in that area, the methane and ethane oxidizing bacteria in the surface soil of that area will be very large in amount. So carrying out microorganism analyzing of the soil of the probable oil and gas reservoir is the unavoidable protocol of MPOG. The traditional analytical method is based on the isolation, purification of the interested area, but this protocol is very boring and time-consuming. Therefore, finding the mew micro-organism analytical method is the only way if MPOG is used. By the experiment two strains of MOB are isolated with typical phenotype. They only utilize methane and methanol as carbon and energy sources. With this material we can continue thecloning of the genes coding for the methane oxidizing enzymes, which could be used as a probe for molecular ecological study. The activity of methane oxidizing bacteria is determined by gas chromatograph.