古DNA技术在人类墓葬遗骸研究中的应用及进展

The Development of the Ancient DNA Technology in the Research of Human Remains in Tumulus

考古工作中得到的生物遗骸由于长期的风化,自然侵蚀等因素的影响,遗骸本身含有的古代生物的DNA的大部分会分解,使得对遗骸中的生物遗传信息研究变得非常困难.可将现代生物工程的PCR技术应用到考古工作中,该技术能够对残存的微量DNA进行大量的生物体外扩增,得到更多的古代生物的遗传信息,提高时遗骸种属鉴定的准确性.通过对出土的人类遗骸中微量DNA的扩增、测试和遗骸间DNA序列的对比,在计算机软件的帮助下与已知的人类DNA序列进行比较,能确定同一墓葬中不同遗骸的亲缘关系和该遗骸群体在整个人类进化体系中的位置.对这一试验过程的一些方法、技术、研究进展和目前仍然面临的一些问题作了介绍.

With the influence of weathering and hydrolyzation, very little of the ancient DNA of human remains was found by the archaeological excavation , so it is very difficulty to study the genetic information. The development of technology of PCR makes it possible to study minimum DNA . Through the amplifying, testing, and analyzing of DNA sequence, the kin of different remains in a grave and the position of it in the development of human could be confirmed. Some methods, techniques, and problems are reviewed in this research field.