草炭复配基质特性及对黄瓜、番茄、辣椒幼苗生长的影响

CHARACTERISTIC OF PEAT COMPOUND SUBSTRATE AND EFFECT ON GROWTH OF CUCUMBER,TOMATO AND HOT PEPPER SEEDLINGS

工厂化育苗中,科学的基质配比是降低成本,培育优质壮苗的关键。本试验以德国进口草炭、珍珠岩为基础,加入不同比例的国产草炭与菌剂,科学复配成6种营养型蔬菜穴盘育苗基质。在现代化育苗温室条件下研究其理化特性及其对黄瓜、番茄、辣椒幼苗生长的影响,筛选出适合不同种苗生长的最佳基质配方。试验结果表明:复配后6,种基质的容重与孔隙度均在理想基质范围内;S2(进口草炭∶国产草炭∶珍珠岩=7∶3∶10)与S5(进口草炭∶国产草炭∶珍珠岩∶菌剂=7∶3∶10∶10)的pH值、EC值、可溶性盐总量、养分含量适中并具有较强的脱氢能力与较多的放线菌数量;S2具有较强的氮素转化能力。S5对黄瓜苗和辣椒苗效果最好,S2对番茄幼苗效果最好,均超过了S0(进口草炭∶珍珠岩=10∶10)。

With the development of industrialized Agriculture,how to reduce the production is the key to the process of cultivating high-quality seedlings.In this experiment,seedlings of cucumber（50 plug）,tomato（105 plug） and hot pepper（105 plug） were respectively planted in six different substrates which were compounded with different proportions of imported peat,domestic peat,domestic perlite and domestic fungus in the modern greenhouse.We selected the optimum compound substrate for different kinds of seedlings.The results indicated that,the density and porosity of six tested substrates were all in the standard level.The pH value,EC value,total soluble salts and nutrient content of substrate S2 mixed with imported peat,domestic peat and domestic perlite（7：3：10） and substrate S5 mixed with imported peat,domestic peat,perlite and fungus（7：3：10：10） were all in the optimal range.Besides,both S2 and S5 have strong dehydrogenation ability and more actinomycetes compared to the other substrates.Substrate S2 has the highest nitrogen biotransformation ability among six substrates.The growth values of cucumber seedlings and hot pepper seedlings which were planted in substrate S5 were higher than substrate S0 mixed with imported peat and perlite（10：10）.Therefore,S5 is the most suitable substrate for cucumber seedlings and hot pepper seedlings,S2 is the most suitable substrate for tomato seedlings.