摘要
Frustrations in teaching and learning English as a foreign language are frequent, due to problems in understanding the expressed conceptual meaning and to failures in obtaining the embedded cultural meaning. Regarding the latter we should consider the role of encoding. Encoding occurs in a parallel procedure-with both linguistic and extra-linguistic efforts to work out conceptual meaning and associated meaning; bottom- up decoding provides reasonable access to the expressed conceptual meaning but not to the embedded associated meaning, which leads to an obstacle--an information gap--in language communication. The parallel-distributed processing model (PDP) provides a solution. For a sound English teaching program, it is an enlightening policy, which requires some incorporation of cultural treatment, typically the British and American cultures, into TEFL.
语言的意义包括概念意义和文化意义,后者影响跨文化交际和外语学习,因为文化具有同时和历时的变异性。语言因素与非语言因素共同参与了解码活动。解码者异文化意识的不足和本族文化的负迁移使解码意义不能达到与编码意义的对等,从而成为交际和学习的障碍。外语教师要积极创造有利途径,拓宽学生的文化视野,增强异文化敏感性和适应力,更有效地培养语言能力和交际能力。
