飞行员地面错觉模拟及其反应参考值

Pilot＇s ground-based spatial disorientation training and its reference values of response

目的 验证地面错觉训练方案在我军飞行员航空医学训练中应用的可行性,为评价地面错觉模拟训练效果提供参考值.方法 在我军现有错觉模拟训练方案基础上,参照北大西洋公约组织推荐的地面错觉模拟训练方案,依据现有的设备,对80名健康飞行员进行地面错觉模拟训练.在VTS-0型电动转椅上进行躯体旋动错觉、科里奥利错觉模拟,在VTS-Ⅲ型前庭功能检查系统上进行相对运动性错觉、自动性错觉模拟,观察错觉的诱发情况,并进行相应错觉反应参数（错觉持续时间、潜伏期）的记录.结果 躯体旋动错觉、科里奥利错觉、相对运动性错觉和自动性错觉的诱发率分别为100.0%、90.7%、72.5%和49.2%.前庭性错觉的诱发率要大于视性错觉（χ2=5.01,P〈0.05）.飞行员躯体旋动错觉、科里奥利翻转错觉、科里奥利滚转错觉的持续时间分别为（8.4±4.5）s、（4.9±2.3） s、（5.4±3.0） s;相对运动性错觉、自动性错觉的潜伏期分别为（34.8±19.0） s、（42.8±15.2） s.5种错觉反应数据的参考值分别为：躯体旋动错觉持续时间≤17.4 s,科里奥利滚转错觉持续时间≤11.4 s,科里奥利翻转错觉持续时间为0.3～9.5 s,相对运动性错觉潜伏期≤72.8 s,自动性错觉潜伏期为12.4～73.2 s.结论 立足现有训练装备,我军飞行员躯体旋动错觉、科里奥利错觉、相对运动性错觉及自动性错觉的地面模拟训练方案是有效的、可行的.5种错觉反应数据的参考值可望为飞行员地面错觉模拟效果评价提供依据.

Objective To validate the feasibility of applying ground-based spatial disorientation training scenarios to aeromedical training of Chinese military pilots and to provide reference values for assessing its effects. Methods Eighty healthy pilots performed ground-based spatial disorientation training on the basic of previously established aeromedical training profiles of Chinese Air Force and the scenarios applied by North Atlantic Treaty Organization （NATO） were referenced. Somatogyral illusion and Coriolis illusion were induced by VTS-0 type electric rotating chair, while circular vection and autokinetic illusion were induced by VTS-Ⅲ type vestibular function examination system. During the illusion demonstrations, the response parameters of illusion, including the latent period and the duration of induced illusions were recorded. Results The induced rate of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion, circular vection and autokinetic illusion was 100.0%, 90.7%, 72.50% and 49.2% respectively. The induce rate of vestibular illusions was higher than that of visual illusions （χ2=5.01, P〈0.05）. The duration of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion （rolling sensation） and Coriolis illusion （tumbling sensation） was （8.4±4.5） s, （4.9±2.3） s and （5.4±3.0） s respectively, while the latent period of circular vection and autokinetic illusion was （34.8±19.0） s and （42.8±15.2） s respectively. The response reference value corresponding to the duration of somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion （rolling sensation） and Coriolis illusion （tumbling sensation） was respectively not more than 17.4 s, 11.4 s and between 0.3 and 9.5 s, while the response reference value for the latent period of circular vection and autokinetic illusion was respectively not more than 72.8 s and within the range from 12.4 to 73.2 s. Conclusions Somatogyral illusion, Coriolis illusion, circular vection and autokinetic illusion training scenarios can be demonstrated by the existing ground-based training devices of Chinese military pilots and the training is feasible and effective for aeromedical training of Chinese military pilots. We hope that response reference values can be used in assessing the effect of ground-based spatial disorientation training.