不当生活方式对飞行员认知能力影响的多因素分析

Multivariate influences of unhealthy lifestyle on cognitive abilities of pilots

目的 探讨吸烟、饮酒、熬夜等因素对飞行员基本认知能力的影响,为提高飞行员认知能力提供相关依据.方法 现役飞行员106名,通过问卷调查飞行员的饮酒、吸烟、睡眠等生活方式信息并依据调查结果进行分组.采用纸笔测验和人机对话的方式进行加法计算（addition compute,AC）、特殊图形辨认（distinguishing special graph,DSG）、仪表辨读（comparing simulated scales,CSS）、简单反应时（simple reaction time,SRT）和视觉追踪（vision tracking,VT）等5项认知能力检测,并进行对比分析.结果 吸烟、饮酒、熬夜及其交互作用对AC、SRT和VT有不同程度影响（F=5.125、10.349、2.700,P〈0.01或P〈0.05）.进一步分析表明,饮酒对SRT成绩有显著的影响（F＝3.596,P〈0.05）,吸烟-饮酒的交互作用对SRT成绩有显著影响（F=5.973,P〈0.05）,饮酒-熬夜的交互作用对AC和SRT成绩有显著影响（F=15.838,P〈0.05）,吸烟-饮酒-熬夜的联合作用对AC、SRT和VT成绩有显著影响（F=6.157、15.838、3.025,P〈0.05）.结论 不当生活方式影响飞行员的部分认知能力,应规范飞行员的日常生活习惯,严格禁止同时具有多项不良嗜好,以保障飞行员的飞行能力.

Objective To investigate such unhealthy lifestyle influences as smoking, drinking and sitting up on cognitive abilities of pilot in order to provide aeromedical base for improving his flying performance. Methods One hundred and six pilots served as subjects. Add computing （AC）, distinguishing special graph （DSG）, comparing simulated scales （CSS）, simple reaction time （SRT） and vision tracking （VT） were measured by means of paper test and man-computer dialogue. The habits of smoking, drinking and sleeping were collected by questionnaire. Results SRT were significantly affected by drinking （F=3.596, P〈0.05） and the complex action of smoking and drinking （F=5.973, P〈0.05）. AC and SRT were significantly affected by the complex action of drinking and sitting up （F=15.838, P〈0.05）. Complex smoking, drinking and sitting up action significantly affected AC, SRT and VT （F=6.157, 15.838, 3.025, P〈0.05）. Conclusions Unhealthy lifestyle is negatively affect pilot′s cognitive abilities. It is suggested that living habits should be regulated and unhealthy habits should be prohibited.