新型洗涤助剂简述——适应环保要求的层状硅酸钠——多功能的漂白活化剂(英文)

Layered Silicates and TAED Efficient Builder Substances with an Excellent Ecological Profile

4A沸石作为STPP的替代品 ,功能上有一些缺点 ,并在废水处理中有欠缺。层状硅酸盐与洗衣粉中的其他成分相容性很好 ,并显示出杰出的有效性。层状硅酸钠可以在下水道中水解 ,释放出硅酸和钠离子而不会造成固体沉积。主要用于粉状洗涤剂的层状硅酸钠有望扩大其应用领域。基于它能够使玻璃免受腐蚀的杰出能力 ,它还可以用做自动洗碗机洗涤粉中的多功能原料。过硼酸钠的有效性和合理的价格使其成为粉状洗涤剂中一广为应用的原料。由于过硼酸钠在低温下活性较低 ,而现代的许多纤维要求较低的洗涤温度。一些研究者试图用其他活性氧化物如过碳酸钠代替过硼酸钠 ,而另一些研究者则建议用金属螯合剂作为过硼酸钠的催化剂。这两种方法都未能真正有效。第三种方法 ,是通过使用第二种化学物质与过硼酸钠形成中间体 ,而降低其分解所需的较高的活化能 ,已被证明是有效的。在各种化合物中 ,TAED (四乙酰基乙二胺 )赢得了最大的市场。TAED在 1999年的消费量已达至 75 0 0 0t。TAED不仅被用于纺织品洗涤剂中 ,也用于自动洗碗机洗涤剂、清洁剂以及其他产品中。TAED的主要作用是作漂白活化剂 。

As the replacement,Zeolite A,has some weak points and also drawbacks during waste water treatment, the research in the field of builder products is an ongoing business.A promising chemical is layered silicate.It copes well with the before mentioned criteria and shows an excellent efficiency and outstanding compatibility with other detergent powder ingredients.As layered silicate will hydrolyse in the sewage,it will not cause problems of solid residue but only liberate silicate and sodium ions.Mainly used in detergent powders,layered silicates are about to broaden their area of application.Remarkable their ability to protect glass from corrosion,thus making them an excellent and multifunctional raw material for automatic dishwasher granulates as well.The availability and the reasonable price of sodiumperborate made it to a widely used raw material in detergent powders.Due to its low activity in the cold and the necessity to wash modern fibers at lower temperature,researchers were looking for improvernents.Some tried to replace the perborate by other active oxigen compounds i.e.percarboxylic acids.Others suggested metallcomplexes as catalysts for perborate.Both ways were not really succesful.A third idea,to lower the high activation energy for the perborat decay,by using a second chemical,able to form intermediates,was workable.Among various chemicals,Tetraacetylethylendiamin gained the biggest part of the market.Introced in 1980 its consumption may reach 75 000 t in 1999.In recent years TAED has been applied not only in textile detergents,but in automatic dishwashing granulates denture cleaners and other products as well.There is certainly a potential for industrial applications as paper bleach and so on.Though bleaching is the main purpose of its application,the secondary benefits as disinfection and desodorisation will keep TAED in a leading market position.