延津沙地农业生态系统建设与可持续发展

Construction of Ecological System and Sustainable Development for Sandy Land Agriculture of Yanjin County

豫北延津沙地 ,原为半湿润区黄河故道的风沙化土地 ,属半湿润区旱地季节性荒漠生态系统 ,在强度的人类活动和干旱气候波动下 ,极易发生沙漠化。通过 1988年以来进行的中低产田的综合开发治理 ,采用建设以井灌沟排的水利系统 ,提供了沙地有效水分 ;建立完善沙岗林地和林带防护系统 ,控制了区域风蚀沙化 ;实施沙地土壤的培肥系统 ,稳定增加沙土的有机质和矿物营养元素。还通过建设成片的果园经济林子系统 ,沙地农业种植子系统和草食畜牧业养殖子系统 ,以果、农、林地之比为 3∶ 4∶ 3的结构 ,建立了 110 hm2 的沙地农业科技开发试验示范区 ,初步取得了治理开发黄河故道沙荒地的经验 ;通过 12年的建设 ,已初步建立起沙地林果业生产系统 ,特色农业种植生产系统和草食畜牧业生产系统 ;从而构成了一个沙地农业生态系统。

The Yanjin sandy land of north Henan Province, located at the Huang Huai Hai plain, is a piece of wind sandification land on the ancient Yellow River Course in the semi humid zone with the seasonal desert ecosystem on the dry land. It is very easy to be desertified under disturbance of human activities and the fluctuation of drought climate. Since 1988, the wind sandification land has been developed and ameliorated comprehensively. At first, it was set up the water conservancy system with the supplement irrigation by groundwater and drainage by ditch to provide the efficient moisture for the sandy land. Then the protection system with shelter belt and woodlands of sand dunes was constructed to control the local wind erosion and sandification. It was also carried out the fertilizing system of sand lands with organic and chemical fertilizers in the development of agriculture, forestry and livestock to increase the organism and nutrient elements of sandy soil. The 110 hm\+2 garden area includes the cash forest subsystem of orchards, the cropping subsystem of farmlands and the raising subsystem of grass livestock with the ratio of 3∶4∶3 (orchards∶farmland∶woodland). A successful experience ameliorating and developing waste sandy land has been gained through practice of sandy land on the ancient Yellow River course. Although the product system of fruit forestry of sandy land, the distinguishing product system of cropping agriculture on sand land and animal husbandry system of grass livestock are formed and developed progressively by construction for 12 years, it is necessary to put the invest and techniques into this middle yield farmland. We are still making efforts on the agroecosystem to achieve the sustainable development of the environment, resources and production on sandy land through agriculture industrialization and adjusting the structure of cropping according to market.