豫北平原的沙质草地及其畜牧业发展

Sandy Rangeland and Animal Husbandry Development in the North Plain of Henan Province

豫北平原的沙质草地分布于黄河多次泛滥改道冲积形成的沙丘、沙地。其主要类型有 :1以白茅、达乌里胡枝子为主的草从草地 ;2刺槐、杨树等林地下层以藜、白茅、茜草等为主的林下草地 ;3以碱茅、狗牙根等为主的低湿草地。沙质草地的主要特征为种类组成简单 ,牧草产量低 (<2 0 0 0 kg· hm- 2 )且利用过度。但多种优良栽培牧草在沙地生长良好 ,可获较高产量。在沙地开发中 ,应针对各草地类型采取相应措施改造为人工、半人工草地。同时应结合沙地多种林木、果树和经济作物种植 ,建设农牧林复合经营的系统。畜牧业开发应以产业化为主导 ,发展适应市场需求的优良畜种 ,实行适度规模经营。

Sandy rangelands scatter on the vast alluvial plains of the Huanghe River (Yellow River) in north Henan province (Yubei plain). The sandy rangelands in the Yubei plain may be classified into three vegetation types: (1) Sandy meadow steppe, main species are \%Imperata cylindrica\% var.\%major\% and \%Lespedeza davurica\%. (2) Sandy meadow with trees, main species are \%Chenopodium\% spp. and \%Imperata cylindrica\% var.\% major\% and \%Rubia cordifolia\% which situated under \%Robinia pseudoacacia\% and \%Populus\% spp. forest. (3) Sandy lowland meadow, main species are \%Puccinella distans\% and \%Cynodon dactylon\%.\;The sandy rangeland vegetation in the area is characterized by simple composing, lower biomass(fresh weight<2 000 kg\5hm\+\{-2\}) and overused. But most planted grasses are good for fixing sands and more species can get high biomass on sandland. In the exploitation of sandland for stockbreeding, various rangeland types must be adopt different measures and transformed to artificial and semi artificial grasslands.