空间生命科学发展的回顾、动态和展望

A REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE LIFE SCIENCE

空间生命科学伴随人类的载人航天活动而产生，在首先肯定了人能够在空间飞行的人工环境中生存后，对人体在飞行中的生理变化进行了较为系统的观察研究，得到了丰富的生物医学数据和工程经验，也使包括航天医学、航天心理学、空间生物学、空间生态学等方面的空间生命科学研究范畴逐步形成．迄今对人体在空间飞行中发生变化的机理具备了一定的认识，已建立了一套可以有效地保障航天员健康的医学防护措施，并在基本空间生物学和空间生物技术应用方面也取得了一定的进展．我国空间生命科学研究经过长期预研准备，正在航天工程的推动下全面发展，并形成了一定的特点．当前，空间生命科学面临着新的发展机遇，长期飞行的航天医学研究、重力在生命活动中的基本作用的多层次的机理研究将会成为未来空间生命科学的重点方向．

Space life science was born and developed upon the need of manned space flight. In its early stage, it was confirmed that human was able to survive in the artificial environment in space. In the past decades, the rich data and experiences upon human physiological changes during space flight resulted the fully development of space life science with space physiology, space psychologys space biology, and space ecology as its main sub-branches. On the basis of an understanding of the mechanism of the physiological changes, a series of medical countermeasures has been successfully applied to ensure the health and performance of the astronauts. A number of progresses in the basic biological study have been accomplished as well. After a period of preparation, space life science in China is developing rapidly and is forming its uniqueness. Space life science is facing new and promising opportunities. In the coming years, it will emphasize both space medical research of long-term manned space flight and multilevel investigation of the radical action of gravitation in life.