黄土高原丘陵沟壑区旱地玉米种植方式研究

Study on the Planting Ways of Corn in Arid Land in Loess Plateau Hill Gully Region

玉米沟垄种植能够强化降雨就地入渗，提高土壤含水量，与平地种植相比，土壤含水量明显增加，０～８０ ｃｍ 墒差０．５％ ～１．６％ ；５～２０ ｃｍ 土壤温度变化较平地种植平缓，表现为６时高于平地种植０．４～１．８ ℃；１４ 时和１８ 时分别低０．４～１．０℃。沟垄种植开花期玉米单株叶面积较平地种植可增加２７０．５～７７２．５ ｃｍ ２，叶面积系数增加０．１０～０．２９，有效穗数和千粒重、穗粒数等经济性状均优于平地种植，产量增长７．６％ ～１２．５％ 。

Furrow planting of corn could increase the infiltration capacity of rainfall and soil moisture. Soil moisture is notably high by furrow planting compared with by flat planting. The difference of soil moisture in 0~8 cm soil layer is 0.5%~1.6% and soil temperature variation in layer of 0~20 cm by furrow planting is smaller than that by flat planting. It indicated that soil temperature is 0.4~1.8℃ higher at 6.am. and 0.4~1.0℃ lower at 2.pm. and at 6.pm.by furrow planting than that by flat planting. During blossom of corn leaf area of single plant has increased by 270.5~772.5 cm 2, and LAI by 0.10~0.29 over the flat planting. The economic indexes such as effective spikes, grain number per spike and weight of 1 000 grain are all better and also yield of corn raised 5.9%~9.2% by furrow planting. It shows that furrow planting is a dry farming technique with a good economic benefit.