颈内动脉海绵窦段分支及其临床意义

The clinical significance and branches of the cavernous segments of the internal carotid artery

目的 研究颈内动脉海绵窦段的分支的出现、起始、外径和分布等的显微外科解剖， 为海绵窦的显微手术的开展提供形态学依据。方法 采用经颈内动脉灌注苯乙烯的４６ 例成人头颅， 在手术显微镜（１０ 倍） 进行观察和测量。结果 颈内动脉海绵窦段由后向前分为后升部、后曲、水平部、前曲和前升部；颈内动脉此段分支有脑膜垂体干、小脑幕动脉、垂体下动脉、脑膜背侧动脉、海绵窦下动脉和垂体被囊动脉以及异常的眼动脉等， 其出现率分别为８７ ％ 、８７ ％ 、９４ ％ 、８１ ％ 、８８ ％ 、３２ ％ 和６ ％ 。结论 本文较系统、全面地阐明了海绵窦段的显微外科解剖，对临床进行显微外科手术。

Objective To study the microanatomical structures of the franches of the cavernous segments of the internal carotid artery and provide photographic base for direct microsurgical operation to cavernous sinus. Methods Fourty six cases of the branches and anastomoses of the cavernous segment of the internal corotid artery were dissected on 10 adult male and 13 female cadaver heads under operative microscope. Results The principal results are summarized as follows. 1. From the posterior to the anterior portion, the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery was divided into the posterior ascending portion, posterior curve, horizontal portion, anterior curve and anterior ascending portion. The cavernous segment sent off six branches, namely, the inferior hypophyseal artery, the dorsal meningeal artery, the artery of the inferior cavernous sinus and McConneel artery. Their rate of presents was 87%,87%,94%,81%,88% and 32%,respectively. Conclusions A microanatomical date of the cavernous segments of the internal carotid artery is of practical significance to the microsurgical operation within the cavernous sinus and clinical application