世界苹果属植物的起源演化研究新进展

Progress in Research on the Origin and Evolution of Genus Malus in the World

引用了瓦维诺夫Ｎ．Ｉ．Ｖａｖｉｌｏｖ，兰格菲尔德Ｖ．Ｔ．Ｌａｎｇｅｎｆｅｌｄ，斯泰司Ｃ．Ａ．Ｓｔａｃｅ 及俞德浚等关于苹果属等植物种、属起源和演化的学说，结合作者对世界苹果属植物今昔的自然分布和分类的研究工作，论证了世界苹果属植物的起源演化的中心位于中国的西南四川、云南、贵州三省。但不是苹果属的祖先种皆起源于该地或亚洲东南的亚热带地区，有不少种是直接起源于今天的北温带—它们过去在第三纪曾经有过亚热带气候。作者认为兰格菲尔德所作关于苹果属植物起源演化的系统发育树图谱中的六个分枝，都是指的次生遗传基因中心，而苹果属植物的初生遗传多样化中心是与其近缘的花揪属、梨属和山楂属相融合的。由于苹果属现代大多数的种都集中在中国西南云、贵、川三省，其中含有古老的多胜海棠等种类，因此将该地区视为苹果属的初生基因中心，是符合Ｃ．Ａ．Ｓｔａｃｅ 和Ｖ．Ｔ．Ｌａｎｇｅｎｆｅｌｄ 关于属的起源中心定位学说的，但苹果属古代的起源中心位置是否与现代起源中心位置相符。

Based on the author's research on the natural distribution and taxonmy of genus Malus in the world and considering the theories N.I.Vavilov,V.T.Langenfeld,C.A.Stace and Yu Te-Tsun, involving the origin and evolution center of genus Malus, the author believes that the origin and evolution center of genus Malus is located in the southwestern part of China, namely, in Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou province, but the ancestor species of genus Malus are not all originated in these province or Southeast Asia; some of the wild apple species are originated directly from the north temperature zone,where in the Tertiary Period there was tropical climate. The six branches of the phylogenetic tree given by V.T.Langenfeld denote the secondary centres of origin and evolution of the genus Malus.But the primary genetic centre of the genus Malus is mingled within the origin and evolution of the genera of Sorbus,Pyrus and Crateagus.Owing to most species,including some ancestor species of the genus Malus are concentrated in the above three provinces of Southwest China, therefore, where may be regarded as the primary centre of genus Malus. Such ideas bring it in accord with the theories of A.C.Stace and V.T.Langenfeld.