高黎贡山鱼类区系和板块位移的生物效应

Biological Effect of the Burma-Malaya Geoblock Movement on Fish Fauna in Gaoligong Mountains

本文探讨高黎贡山地区 (掸邦 -马来亚板块 )向北移动并右旋的地史过程 ,及其造成的环境变迁 ,研究这一过程对高黎贡山地区鱼类区系产生的生物效应。板块位移的生物效应表现为 :使高黎贡山境内的伊洛瓦底江水系和怒江水系成为 :(1 )古北界和东洋界鱼类区系的交汇融合带 ;(2 )北纬 2 6°左右地带的水体为热带亚洲鱼类和西藏高原鱼类交流的界鱼石 ,南、北成分互不往来 ;(3)鱼类繁衍后代的天堂 ,特有成分占本地区鱼类总数的 53 % ;(4)高黎贡山鱼类区系多源 ,来源于热带也来源于古北界的温带。本文认为科鱼类起源于热带 ,该科的属、种是多源的 ,主要是热带属 。

ThepresentpaperintroducestheprocessoftheBurma -MalayaGeoblockmovementnorthward andthehistoricalenvironmentalchangesintheGaoligongMountains.ThebiologicaleffectoftheBurma- MalayaGeoblockmovementonthefishfaunaintheregionhasbeenstudiedbasedoncurrentdataoffishoc curredinthedrainagesystemoftheSalweenRiverandIrrawaddyRiverwithintheregion:1 .Thetwo drainagesystemshavefishfaunafromboththePalaearcticregionandOrientalregions.2 .Thelinedemark ingthetransitionbetweenAsiaticfishfaunatothesouthandtheTibetanPlateaufishfaunatothenorthisat approximately 2 6°Nlatitudewithneitherfishfromthenorthpassingthelinetothesouthnorthosefromthe southtothenorth .3 .TheGaoligongMountainsisacenterofspeciesdifferentiationformanyfishtaxa.The endemismoffishintheregionreachesashighas53 %ofthetotalfishfauna.4.Theoriginoffishfaunain theGaoligongMountainsmaybefromthetropicsandmaybefromthetemperateareaofPalaearcticregion. TheauthorsbelievethatthefamilySisoridaehasatropicaloriginbutitsindividualgeneraandspecieshave differentorigins.MostgeneraintheSisoridaeoriginatedfromthetropicswhileGlyproarwenumanditsrelated generaprobablyoriginatedfromTibet.