锰对小麦生长的影响及与其它元素的交互作用

Effect of Mn on wheat growth and the interactions between Mn and some other plant nutrients

作物施肥的平衡程度, 包括用量、比例和形态等, 直接影响作物对养分的利用效率, 养分之间的相互作用, 其结果最终反映在作物的生长上。本研究利用盆栽和田间试验,在四川的两个主要土壤,即灰潮土和黄红紫泥上,探讨了锰与钼、铜、硫、氯元素间的交互作用及其对小麦生长的影响。结果表明, 在灰潮土上, 施用锰肥盆栽试验平均增产27.8% , 田间试验增产14.3% , 增产效果非常显著, 表明该土壤严重缺锰。在黄红紫泥上, 施用锰肥平均增产6.7% , 田间试验增产4.2% , 达到了施锰明显增产的效果。在这两种土壤上, 施用KCl都能有效地减轻小麦缺锰, 增加产量; 而施用钼、铜、硫肥加重缺锰, 影响小麦生长, 导致减产。在灰潮土的盆栽试验中施用MnSO4 仍有轻度症状,而高量Cl- 与MnSO4 配合则可消除缺锰。施锰有利于小麦籽粒充实,而单施Cl- 有利于小麦营养生长,但对光合产物向籽粒转运的作用不大。施用锰肥是解决小麦缺锰的有效途径, 锰肥与含氯肥料配合施用能显著提高锰肥肥效。

Whether or not fertilizers in a recommendation are balanced to a crop,including amount,ratio and forms of nutrients added,may directly affects recovery of nutrients by a crop,alter the interactions between nutrients and finally affect crop growth.This study investigated the interactions between Mn and Mo,Cu,S,Cl and the effect of interactions on wheat growth on two manganese deficient soils-a grey alluvial soil and a calcareous purple soil in Sichuan province.The results showed that Mn fertilization significantly increased wheat seed yield by 27 8% in a pot experiment and 14 3% in a field experiment on the alluvial soil.On the calcareous soil,Mn fertilization showed remarkable yield increasing potential by 6 7% in the pot experiment and 4 2% in the field experiment.On both soils,Mn fertilizer effectively reduced the symptom of Mn deficiency,improved plant growth and increased wheat seed yield.Application of Mo,Cu and S fertilizers aggravated Mn deficiency on wheat,reduced plant growth and seed yield.On the alluvial soil,addition of Mn fertilizer alone did not completely recover the symptom of Mn deficiency but application of Mn in combination with KCl made normal growth of wheat.The results further indicated that Cl was very beneficial to nutritional growth of wheat but had little effect on transport of synthetic products from shoot to seed.The study suggested that Mn fertilization is the effective approach to solve Mn deficiency and application of Mn fertilizers in combination with Cl containing fertilizers can greatly enhance bioavailability of Mn.