麦双尾蚜及其天敌在不同海拔高度的分布

DISTRIBUTION OF THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS

在新疆塔城， 麦双尾蚜Ｄｉｕｒａｐｈｉｓ ｎｏｘｉａ （ Ｍｏｒｄｖｉｌｋｏ） 在春麦田最集中分布于海拔６００ ～８００ ｍ 高度， 在冬麦田最集中分布于７００ ～８００ ｍ 高度； 冬麦田和同海拔高度的春麦田麦双尾蚜数量密切相关（ｒ＝ ０－９１ ， Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。麦双尾蚜寄生性天敌蚜茧蜂类和蚜小蜂类， 在春麦田最集中分布的高度为５００ ～６００ ｍ ， 随着时间的延后， 分布的高度范围逐渐扩展； 冬麦田最集中分布的高度为６００ ～８００ ｍ ， 略高于春小麦田。捕食麦双尾蚜的斑腹蝇幼虫在春麦田前期最集中分布的高度为５００ ｍ 处， 后期分布高度上升； 冬麦田较集中分布的高度为６００ ～８００ ｍ ， 也随着时间的延后也上升。

In Tacheng of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, winter and spring wheat fields at elevations from 500 m to 1 200 m were surveyed for the occurrence of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and its natural enemies for 3 years. The aphid mainly distributed in spring wheat fields at 600～800 m above sea level and in winter wheat fields at 700～ 800 m. Their densities in winter wheat fields were significantly correlated to those in spring wheat fields at the same elevation ( r =0 91, P <0 01). The second or third survey on spring wheat showed a larger increase in number of the aphid at higher elevations than lower ones. The natural enemies of RWA such as aphidiids, aphelinids, Leucopis annulipes mainly distributed in spring wheat at 500～600 m elevation and in winter wheat fields at 600～800 m above sea level. Their distribution areas and densities became wider and higher as the wheat grew.