湿地松新造幼林地水土流失规律研究

RESEARCH ON SOIL AND WATER LOSS LAW OF NEWLY BUILT SAPLING FOREST LAND OF PINUS ELLIOTTII

为了解高度集约化经营湿地松林对环境的影响，以湿地松新造幼林地为对象，设置径流场进行了连续６年系统定位观测研究。结果表明，观测期间降水量为６４３５３ｍｍ，林地径流量为１６１１２４１ｔ／ｈｍ２，泥沙流失量为２７８４４７７７ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，流失Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ等主要养分为１３１ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，径流系数为３１６％；在安徽丘岗地区营造湿地松林，实行大块状（８０ｃｍ×８０ｃｍ×５０ｃｍ）整地，并集约经营，不致引起严重的水土流失，造林当年土壤侵蚀模数为１９５５９ｔ／ｈｍ２，属于无明显侵蚀类型，该区可提倡高规格整地和实行集约经营；５～８月为集中降水期，应避免相关营林活动；水土流失量与降水量呈幂函数关系，随着林木生长和植被的恢复，径流量逐渐减少，泥沙流失量则显著减少。

In order to know the effect of the forest of Pinus elliottii under highly intensive management on environment, a consecutive 6 year systematic research of locating monitoring was conducted by taking the newly built sapling forest of Pinus elliottii as the target and by setting up the field of runoff. The monitoring results showed 6435.3mm of precipitation during monitoring period, 1611.241t/hm 2 of runoff, 2784.4777kg/hm 2 of silt loss, 131kg/hm 2 of the main nutrients as N、P、K, 3.16% of the runoff coefficient, by building forest of Pinus elliottii in the hilly area of Anhui Province, carrying out large blocked, site preparation(80cm×80cm×50cm) and intensive management in order not to cause heavy soil and water loss, the modulus of soil erosion in the year of afforestation was 195.59t/hm 2, belonging to the type of non obvious erosion, thus high grade site preparation and intensive management can be advocated in this area; May～August was the intensive precipitation period, related afforestation activities should be avoided; the soil and water loss was in a relationship of power function with precipitation, with the forest growth and the restoration of vegetation, the runoff amount gradually decreased, and the silt loss considerably reduced as well.