贸易基础的变化与竞争优势的选育──我国贸易政策与产业政策协调的一种可能性

Change of Trade Basis and Choice of Competitive Advantage Cultivation──A Possiblity to Coordinate Chinese Trade Strategy and Industrial Structure

发展中国家开展对外贸易的目的是促进和推动本国的经济发展。这一动态利益的实现取决于该国能否制定出正确的──使该国能够在国际贸易中获得并发挥竞争优势的贸易发展战略。然而，不同时代的科学技术和生产力基础不同，生产社会化程度不同，决定了国际贸易的基础与模式的不同，国际资易竞争的核心与焦点的不同，从而竞争优势也不同。传统的国际竞争优势来自于客观的自然禀赋或历史的积累，但在现代经济条件下，尤其是对于经济落后的发展中国家来说，若想在国际经济贸易中具备某种竞争优势，只能依靠自己正确的选择与精心培育。而要作出这种正确选择，必须将自身的发展战略目标与现实的国际经贸格局及国际竞争关系结合起来加以考虑。在我国传统的比较优势已不成为现实的竞争优势并正在丧失的情况下，我们必须及时作出调整，以规模经济、产品差异化为基点，在高技术产业、新兴产业及规模效益显著的行业中选择并培育新的竞争优势，才能实现以贸易推动和促进经济发展的战略目标。

The aim for the developing nation to develop foreign trade is to promote and push the economic development of the naion. Whether or not that the nation will gain the dynamic benefits depends on whether the nation has made correctstrategy to develope trade. But in different times,there are distinctions in science and technology,basis of productivity and the extent of productive socialization. It determines difference in the basis and model of intertrade,and the core and focus of trade competition between countries,thus the competitive advantages are distinctive. Traditional position of competition between countries-comparative advantage-originated from a nation's objective natural endowment or the nation's accumulative in history. Nevertheless,on condition that modern economy particularly,developing nation as a nation of backward economy desires some competitive advantage in international economy and trade,only by depending on herself correctly chosen and meticulously cultivate. To make a correct choice,the nation has to combine development strategic target of the nation with present the world's pattern of economy and trade and relation of competition between countries. Under the circumstances that it was unreliable and reducing Chinese traditional comparative advantage,we must adjust it at once. In order to promote and push economic and trade development,we should,resting on the basis of economics of scale and product differentiation,choose and cultivate the new competitive advantage.