跨国公司与我国高新技术产业的发展:新世纪的挑战和机遇

Multinationals and the Development of China's High-tech Industries:Challenge and Chance

一、为什么是挑战 世纪之交,高新技术产业的发展成为国内各界关心的焦点问题。然而,由于跨国公司的进入,高新技术产业的发展在很大程度上不由我们控制。 第一,跨国公司大量投资于我国高新技术产业,对国内政策制定和执行形成很大压力。以往各级政府部门习惯于做产业发展规划,目前都在考虑制定下个世纪的第一个五年计划和十年规划。然而,由于跨国公司在华大量投资。

With the entering of multinationals, the development of China's high-tech industries has become, to a large extent, a process with which we can neither plan nor control.1. Multinationals' vast investment in China has caused significant pressure on the domestic policy making and enforcing process. Government planning that is not aligned with investment directions of the multinationals could not be implemented effectively.2. Multinationals could form, and will probably strive for, monopolies in Chinesemarket; thus thwart later foreign competitors from entering, inhibit domestic investors, and undercut domestic consumer interests.3. Multinationals' large investment in China could put our hi-tech industries within their global strategy, which may not engage China with the most desirable level of technology. Core manufacturing and designing facilities would be located outside China; and the independence of a self-sufficient domestic hi-tech industry can not be achieved.Nonetheless, we should still try to attract more and more multinationals to invest in our hi-tech industries.This is because hi-tech industry is very fluid and dynamic with core technologies and new products coming out in a dazzling pace. The required funds for research and development as well as investments for production capabilities are enormous and beyond the reach of most third-world countries. Attracting multinational investments at least provides many domestic industries with the possibility of technology advancement and upgrading. We must accept it as a reality that multinationals have become the major carriers of new technologies. If we can not change the situation, we have to join in and move forward with them for the time being.As a developing country, we can neither restrict foreign investments narrow-mindedly nor naively leave everything to the market mecha- nism. Since many hi-tech and new-tech industries are monopolized by a few multi- nationals occupying unfair competitive positions, which contradict the fundamental assumptions of free trade and an ideal market. Aside from the 'invisible hand' of the market, our government policies, multinationals' plans and local industries' strategies will largely determine the pattern with which the 'division of labor' is shaped and corresponding benefits are realized.Our major challenge in policy-making is to find the balance between advancing our own goals and not impeding multinationals' investments into our hi-tech industries, while striving for more benefits for our domestic industries. What we are looking for is a 'win-win' situation between multinationals' goals and our own goals.Our main policy is to encourage a fair and competitive marketplace, to foster domestic industries capable of competing with foreigners, to form a competition among foreign invested enterprises, and to lower tariffs to allow foreign companies into the domestic competition, all of which are effective measures.