欧洲牡蛎两个种群的遗传变异

GENEIC VARIATIONS IN TWO POPULATIONS OF EUROPEAN OYSTER OSTREA EDULIS

用淀粉凝胶电泳检测和比较了来自爱尔兰自然群体和威尔土养殖群体的欧洲牡蛎Ostreaedulis11个基因位点的遗传变异。结果表明，两群体的平均杂合度观察值分别为0．081和0．144，多态位点比例（P0.99）分别为57．9％和42．1％，平均等位基因数分别为1．7和1．6，与已报道的欧洲牡额其他群体很接近，但与其他种类的牡蛎相比却很低。两群体之间相比，威尔土养殖群体的平均杂合度观察值明显大于爱尔兰自然群体的。这说明人为作用可以引起欧洲牡蛎群体的遗传差异。

Levels of genetic variation at 11 genic loci in Ostrea edulis have been determined by starch gel electrophoresis and compared between natural population from Ireland and hatched population from Wales. Their proportions of polymorphic loci (P0.99 ) are 57.9% and 42. 1 %, mean observed heterozygosities (HO ) are 0.081 and 0.81 and 0.144 and expected heterozygosities (He ) are 0.168 and 0. 162, respectively. There are heterozygote deficiencies to different extents within two populations. Their mean heterozygosities are very close to the other populations reported previously, but lower than those of other oyster species. The mean observed heterosygosity of hached population from Wales is distincily higher than that of natural population from Ireland. It is suggested that human activities may affect the genetic variation within and between populations.