语言学流派及其发展

The schools and development of linguistics

语言学是一门古老而又年轻的科学。人们对它的研究早在2000年前就已开始。但是直到19世纪,语言学才成为一门独立的学科。从19世纪到现在,语言学先后出现了三支主要流派:历史比较语言学、结构主义语言学和转换生成语法。索绪尔首创的结构主义语言学是语言学史上的第一次革命,主要有三个分支流派,即:布拉格学派,描写语言学和伦敦学派。而乔姆斯基的转换生成语法则是语言学史上的又一次革命。语言学正日益渗透到其它学术领域,有着无限的发展前途。

Linguistics is an ancient yet young science. Study on it began as early as 2,000 years ago. But it hasn't become an independant subject until the 19th century. From the 19th century to now,there have arisen three important linguistic schools : Historical-comparative Linguistics, Structrualism, and TG Grammar. The Structrualism founded by Saussure was the first revolution in Linguistics which has three branches; the Prague School, American Structrualism and London School. Then Chomsky Launches another revolution with his TG Grammar. Linguistics is penetrating into many other study fields. Undoubtedly it will have boundless developing prospects.