草原蝗虫的栖境选择:栖境选择与水平结构的关系

HABITAT SELECTION IN GRASSHOPPERS IN TYPICAL STEPPE: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HABITAT SELECTION AND HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE

本文研究了内蒙古锡林河流域草原蝗虫的栖境选择与栖境水平结构之间的关系,结果表明:在早期(蝗虫开始出现至6月中旬),蝗虫喜选择在植物稀少、生物量少、裸露面积大的栖境;在中期(6月中旬—8月中旬),蝗虫喜选择植物生长好、生物量多的栖境;在晚期(8月中旬—蝗虫全部死亡),栖境中植物生物量对蝗虫的栖境选择没有影响。蝗虫群落多样性与栖境多样性之间的相互关系,表现为随季节变化而发生变化,早期蝗虫群落多样性与栖境多样性之间表现为负相关关系,中期两者之间表现为显著的正相关(P<0.05).晚期不相关。通过对栖境之间的差异以及蝗虫在不同栖境中发生的差异进行比较,内蒙古草原14种蝗虫可以划分为4种栖境选择类型。这4种类型包括:(1)特殊栖境选择型;(2)特殊栖境选择偏泛栖境选择型;(3)泛栖境选择偏特殊栖境选择型;(4)泛栖境选择型。

Studies on habitat selection in grasshoppers were conducted in the typical steppe in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The results show that relationship between hori-zontal structure of habitats and habitat selective behavior in grasshoppers are varied in different stages of the year. In early stage (early May梕arly June) grasshoppers prefer to select the vege-tation where is sparse, less biomass; in the medium stage (late June梕arly August), grasshop-pers prefer to select the vegetation where is most dense, more biomass; and in late stage (late August ?early October), the structure of habitat has no influnce to grasshoppers. The relation-ship between grasshopper diversity and habitat diversity is also different in different stages. In the early stage of the year, it's negative correlation between grasshopper diversity and habitat di-versity. In the medium stage, it's positive correlation between grasshopper diversity and habitat diversity, in the medium stage, it's positive correlation between grasshopper diversity and habitat diversity, and in late stage, it's no correlation. Through measure difference in profile between two habitats and measure difference in grasshoppers between two habitats, the conclusion is that 14 species of grasshoppers can be divided into 4 types of habitat selection. They are: (1) Spe-cialised habitat selection type, including Pararcyptera microptera meridionalis, Mongolo ?tettix japonicus vittatus, Chorthip pus brunneus, (2) Specialised prefering pan habitat selection type, in-cluding Chorthippus hammastroemi, Angaracris barabensis, Oedaleus asiaticus, Myrmeleote.ttix palpalis, Aeropedellus variegatus minutus, Brydema tuberculatum dilutum, Chorthippus dubius, (3)pan habitat selection prefering specialised habitat selection type, including Omocestus haernor-rhoidalis haemorrhoidalis and (4)pan habitat selection type, including Dasyhippus barbipes, Cal-liptamus abbreviatus, Chorthippus fallax.