1Koivusalo AM, Pere P, Valjus M, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum is safe even for high-risk patients [ J]. Surg Endose ,2008 ;22( 1 ) :61-7.
3Rademaker BM, Odoom JA, de Mit LT, et al. Haemodynamic effects of pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery: a comparison of CO2 with N20 insuffiation [J].Eur J Anaesthesiol, 1994 ; 11:301.
4Junghans T, Modersohn D, DOmer F, et al. Systematic evaluation of differ- ent approaches for minimizing hemodynamic changes during pneumoper- itoneum[J].Surg Endosc ,2006 ;20 ( 5 ) :763-9.
5Dhoste K, Lacoste L, Karayan J, et al. Haemodynamic and ventilatory changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in elderly ASA m patients [ J]. Can J Anaseth, 1996 ;43:783.
6Shafer S. The pharmacology of anesthetic drugs in elderly patients [J]. Anesthesiol C lin North Am,2000 ; 18 : 1-29.
