广西野生蔬菜资源的特点及其开发利用

The Characteristics of Wild Vegetable Resource in Guangxi and Its Exploitation

广西野生蔬菜共１７０种，６４科，分别占广西植物种、科总数的２．０３％和２２．２２％；十字花科（Ｃｒｕｃｉｆｅｒａｅ）（１２种）、菊科（Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ）（１６种）、禾本科—竹亚科（Ｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｌ－Ｂａｍｂｕｓｏｉｄｅａｅ）（１２种）共有４０种，占野菜种数的２３．５３％；苋科（Ａｍａｒａｎｔｈａｃｅａｅ）（８种）、仙人掌科（Ｃａｃｔａｃｅａｅ）（８种）、百合科（Ｌｉｌｉａｃｅａｅ）（６种）、蓼科（Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎａｃｅａｅ）（６种）共有２８种，占野菜种数的１６．４７％；有３５个科的野菜仅１种。全区均有分布的野菜有４９科、８４种；分布于桂南的野菜有８科、１２种，分布于桂北的野菜２４科、６８种。１７０种野菜中，木本３６种，占２１．１８％，归属于１４科；草本１２７种，占７４．７０％，归属于４６科；藤本７种，占４．１２％，归属于５科；以整株、茎、叶、花为主要食用部位的（合占８４．１２％）多收采于春夏，而以果实、种子和根为主要食用部位的（合占１５．８８％）多收采于秋冬。不同种类野菜，其营养价值差异很大。一些野菜的某种营养成分的含量远高于栽培蔬菜，有的还含有栽培蔬菜中所没有的特殊营养成分和药用成分。

There are total 170 species from 64 families of wild vegetables(WV) ,taking up respectively 203% of the total species(TS)and 2222% of total families(TF) of the plants in Guangxi. 40 species derived from Crucifereae (12 species), Compositae (16 species) and Gramineael-Bambusoideae (12 species) takes up 2353% of the total WVs, and 28 species derived from Amaranthaceae (8 species), Cactaceae (8 species), Liliaceae (6 species) and Polygonaceae (6 species) takes up 1647% of the total WVs,and there are 35 families of WVs with only one species. 84 WV species from 49 families distribute in the whole Guangxi, 12 WV species from 8 families in southern Guangxi, 5 WV species from 2 families in western Guangxi,68 species from 24 families in northern Guangxi. Among 170 WV species,there are 36 species of 14 families for woody plants taking up 2118%, 127 species of 46 families for the herbs, and 7 species of 5 families for the vines taking up 412%. The WVs with whole plant, stems, leaves and flowers as edible parts are mainly harvested in spring and summar, taking up 8412%,and the WVs with fruit, seed and root as edible parts are mainly harvested in autumn and winter, taking up 1588%. The nutrition varies within different WVs. Some of WVs are better than the cultivars for their high nutrition, some of WVs also contain a certain of special nutrition and matter for health.