大葆台汉墓竹简“樵中格”的理解与“汉代聚落自名”问题

"Qiao Zhong Ge" in Dabaotai Bamboo Slips and the Self-naming of Han Dynasty Settlements

有学者就"汉代聚落自名"问题指出:"先秦以来各地存在的复杂的聚落名称,在进入秦汉统一帝国后实际并未消失,只是被覆盖在乡里编制之下。"但认为…格'与‘村落'相当,乃汉代的一种聚落称呼"的观点未可确信;而大葆台汉墓竹简文字"‘樵中格'则是一聚落名称,相当于后来的‘樵中村'"的意见也缺乏充备史证,以放马滩地图"山格"、太室阙铭"阳陵格''为论据,说服力不足。对于"樵中格"的意义,可以另外试探。"樵"字虽有柴薪及采取柴薪之义,其字本义却是"散木";"格"有标准、规格的涵义。"樵中格"可能是检验"黄肠"尺寸规格是否符合要求的记录。由于"题凑"遗存有腐朽、倒塌甚至仅留有烧毁木痕的情形,不能排除入葬时其他部位也存在性质相同竹简而后碎折、腐坏或者焚毁的可能。作为墓葬构筑主要材料质量检验记录的"樵中格"竹简在大葆台汉墓"黄肠题凑"其他部位曾经存在的可能性,还不能完全否定。

Abstract： Regarding the self-naming of Han Dynasty settlements, some scholars point out that ＂the complex settlement names that existed prior to the Qin remained after the unification of Qin and Han but was mixed with administrative divisions＂. But the view thatge （格） means ＂village＂ and refers to settlements in the Han Dynasty is dubious. Likewise, the view that ＂Qiao Zhong Ge＂ （樵中格） in bamboo slips discovered in Han tombs at Dabaotai is equivalent to ＂Qiaozhong village＂ lacks sufficient historic evidence. It is not convincing to have ＂Shan Ge＂ （山格, in Fangmatan map） and ＂Yang Ling Ge＂ （阳陵格, from Taishi watchtower） as the evidence. In fact, ＂Qiao Zhong Ge＂ may be interpreted in a different approach. The original meaning ofqiao is ＂split wood＂ and ge is meant for ＂standard＂. Therefore, ＂Qiao Zhong Ge＂ probably records the qualification of huangchang wood. As the remains of ＂Ti Cou＂ （题凑） have decayed, rotten, or even been burned, leaving only wood marks, it is not impossible that there were bamboo slips of the same type in other parts of ＂Ti Cou＂ when being buried, and they were broken, rotten, or burned. In other words, it is possible that ＂Qiao Zhong Ge＂ slips, as the quality inspection records of tomb materials, may have existed in other parts of ＂Huang Chang Ti cou＂ in the Dabaotai tomb.