局部注射骨保护素与二磷酸盐对大鼠正畸牙移动的影响

Effect of local injection of osteoprotegerin and bisphosphonates on teeth movement in rats

目的研究局部注射骨保护素(OPG)与二磷酸盐对大鼠正畸牙齿移动的影响。方法选取10周龄雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为OPG组、二磷酸盐组和对照组,每组20只。各组大鼠在右上颌第一磨牙施加40g左右力使其移向近中,开始实验前3d,OPG组、二磷酸盐组和对照组大鼠右上颌第一磨牙腭侧黏骨膜下分别注入0.05mg/kg重组人骨保护素(rhOPG-Fc)、0.05mg/kg第三代二磷酸盐(阿伦磷酸钠)和等体积生理盐水。每组分别于加力第1、4、7、14天处死5只大鼠,测量右上颌第一磨牙的移动距离,HE染色观察右上颌第一磨牙近中根压力侧牙周组织形态变化,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色观察破骨细胞数量变化。结果 7d和14d时大鼠的牙齿移动量OPG组分别为0.122±0.011、0.144±0.011mm,二磷酸盐组分别为0.148±0.007、0.171±0.006mm,均显著低于对照组(分别为0.188±0.013、0.260±0.010mm,P<0.05),且OPG组显著低于二磷酸盐组(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,对照组压力侧可见显著牙槽骨吸收,而OPG组与二磷酸盐组大鼠牙槽骨吸收不明显。TRAP染色发现4、7d时OPG组和二磷酸盐组右上颌第一磨牙近中根压力侧破骨细胞数量显著少于对照组(P<0.05),14d时二磷酸盐组与对照组的破骨细胞数量无显著差异(P>0.05),而OPG组破骨细胞数量少于二磷酸盐组和对照组(P<0.05)。结论牙槽骨局部注射OPG与二磷酸盐能显著减少破骨细胞的产生,同时可降低牙齿移动距离。相同浓度的OPG比二磷酸盐作用效果更明显。

Objective To examine the effect of local injection of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and bisphosphonates on teeth movement in rats.Methods Up to 60 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were equally divided randomly into three groups,the control group,the OPG group,and the bisphosphonates group.The rats were injected with 0.05mg/kg restructured human osteoprotegerin,0.05mg/kg alendronate,and same volume of normal saline into the palatine mucoperiosteum of the first molar of right maxillary of OPG group,bisphosphonates group,and the control group,respectively.After three days,40 g of force was applied mesially onto the first right maxillary molar.On days 1,4,7,and 14 after the force was applied,five rats from each group were killed and the movement of the first right maxillary molar in each group was measured against the model.The change in the periodental form at the pressure side of the mesial root of the first right maxillary molar was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the change in the number of osteoclasts was observed through tartrate-resistant acid phosphate（TRAP） staining.Results The movement of the first right maxillary molar in the OPG group（0.122±0.011mm,0.144±0.011mm） and the bisphosphonates group（0.148±0.007mm,0.171±0.006mm） on days 7 and 14 were obviously lower than that of the control group（0.188±0.013mm,0.260±0.010mm,P〈0.05）,and the movement of the first molar of right maxillary of the OPG group is lower than the bisphosphonates group（P〈0.05）.The resorption of the alveolar bone was remarkable at the pressure side in the control group,but not obvious in the OPG group and the bisphosphonates group.Under TRAP staining,the quantity of osteoclasts at the pressure side of the mesial root of the first right maxillary molar in the OPG group and the bisphosphonates group on days 4 and 7 were obviously less than that in the control group（P〈0.05）.On day 14,no significant difference in the quantity of osteoclasts was observed between the bisphosphonates group and control group（P〉0.05）,whereas the quantity of osteoclasts in the OPG group was less than those in the bisphosphonates group and the control group（P〈0.05）.Conclusion Local injection of OPG and bisphosphonates into alveolar bone remarkably reduces osteoclastogenesis and teeth movement,and OPG at the same concentration is more effective than bisphosphonates.