遥感在1998年洪水监测中的作用

Role of Remote Sensing in Flood Monitoring in 1998

１９９８年夏，我国长江中游和东北嫩江－松花江流域发生了历史上罕见的特大洪水灾害。在对这场历史性的洪灾的不断监测和评估中，遥感技术和地理信息系统发挥了重大作用。在抗洪救灾过程中，共接收、处理和分析了３８景卫星的雷达影像和所能接收到的全部气象卫星资料，出动航空遥感飞机２０余架次利用航空合成孔经雷达对紧急的水情进行了监测和淹没面积的估算。通过卫星和航空遥感监测先后对武汉地区７月下旬由大暴雨造成的内涝，长江中游湖南、湖北、江西３省包括洞庭湖和鄱阳湖地区以及东北嫩江－松花江流域的黑龙江、吉林和内蒙古地区的洪水灾害及洪水淹没面积进行了计算，获得了比较客观和准确的数据，为国家有关部门提供了重要的科学数据。１９９８年对洪水监测的遥感实践证实了遥感及其相关信息技术的作用，与此同时，也分析了我国在目前条件下在这方面存在的主要问题和不足。为了提高遥感技术的监测能力，我们也提出了今后发展的建议。特别重要的是，要加强对洪水预报和预警的研究，使之在防灾和减灾中进一步发挥科学技术的作用。

There were extremely heavy flood disasters in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River and the Nenjiang-Songhuajiang regions in North-East China in summer 1998. In the continuous monitoring and assessment of the historical flood disasters the remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information System have played an important role. During the flood season 38 scenes of satellite radar images have been received, processed and analyzed and all the possible images from meteorological satellite have also been used. With the airborne imaging radars the remote sensing aircraft have been over 20 times taken off and flown over the flooding areas. By using the remote sensing and GIS the flood and the flooding areas have been monitored and assessed.With the satellite and airborne remote sensing the waterlogged areas caused by heavy raining later July 1998 in Wuhan region, the Hubei Province, the flooding areas in the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi Provinces of the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, including the Dongting and Poyang Lakes regions and in the Helongjiang, Jilin Provinces and the Inner-Mongolia Autonomous Region have been estimated from the imageries by the flood information extraction. The objective and relative accurate data have been obtained and provided to the agencies related to the disaster fighting and disaster. The practice of the flood monitoring by remote sensing and relevant information technologies has proved its important role. Meanwhile, in this paper some existed problems in the recent conditions hare also been analyzed. In order to increase the ability of the remote sensing some suggestions have been proposed. It is the special importance to strengthen the study on the flood prediction and warning.