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东非痰涂片阴性住院结核病人的诊断方法

Methods for diagnosing tuberculosis among in-patients in Eastern Africa whose sputum smears are negative
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摘要 背景:对东非首都的两所大学医院的住院病人进行了阐明呼吸系疾患病因的广泛的前瞻性研究。目的:为了明确来自布隆迪,布琼布拉(111例)及坦桑尼亚,达累斯萨拉姆(71例)痰涂片显微镜检查抗酸杆菌阴性住院结核病人与非结核呼吸系病人的不同特点。设计:回顾整理182名病例的临床表现、放射学异常及实验室结果,首先使用单一变数,再使用多变数(分段对数回归)分析,以取得每一项因素对最终诊断的价值。结果:182名两次或更多次抗酸杆菌涂片阴性病人中,41名为结核病,141名为非结核病,分段回归分析显示,四种易于确认的症状出现于结核病:1)咳嗽多于21天;2)15天以上的胸痛;3)无喀痰;4)无气短。以上述四项中任何二项用于结核病诊断,其敏感性为85%、特异性为67%;以任何三项用于诊断,敏感性为49%,特异性为86%。多变数分析显示,增加淋巴结增大与红血细胞压积小于30%则可增加鉴别力度。结论:本项方法学探讨,为抗酸杆菌涂片阴性住院病人中结核病诊断提供了一种手段,在这种背景下,单一的简单的临床症状有助于诊断。有必要在疑似结核的门诊病人中进行同样的研究,以构成一个完整体系。
出处 《国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志》 1998年第1期19-24,共6页 The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
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