中山市疾控机构突发公共卫生事件应急能力调查

A cross-sectional study on the emergency response of the center for disease control and prevention of Zhongshan city

目的调查中山市疾病预防控制机构(简称疾控机构)突发公共卫生事件应急能力的现况,分析问题并探讨改进对策。方法对中山市辖区26家机构进行问卷调查,内容包括组织管理、技术实施、资源储备、监测预警、协调合作5个方面。结果 84.62%的机构成立应急专家小组,各机构均建立了相关的应急制度和预案;大专以上学历人员占77.17%,能从事现场调查处理的人数占56.28%,总人数超出编制数的19.20%,服务人口的比例为1.89/10万;市级和镇区机构仪器设备达标率分别为82.71%和46.89%,项目开展率分别为80.15%和33.33%;应急专项经费配备率为46.15%;全市传染病网络直报率为100%;接报事件后,83.88%的疾控中心能在6h内前往调查。结论中山市疾控机构应急框架体系已基本建立,疫情处理较为规范,但存在卫生人力资源结构不合理、应急制度和预案系统不完善、镇区实验室设备配置率低、尚未建立科学稳定的应急工作经费投入机制以及应急能力发展不均衡等问题。应采取各项措施,加强卫生应急能力的建设,使其与日益严峻的防病任务相适应。

Objective To analyze the emergency response capacity of the disease control units in the Zhongshan city, and explore the strategies to improve the operation. Method Questionnaire type survey on the organizational management, implementation of technology,resources management,disease surveillance and coordination was conducted in 26 disease control units. Results Emergency expert groups were set up in 84.62% of the units.All disease control units developed contingency plan.77.17% of the staff had the university degree or above. 56.28% of the staff was capable to perform on-site investigation.The ration between serving staff and the total population was 1.89∶10 million. The percentage of disease control units in the municipal and county area was 82.71% and 46.89%. Standard rate of project detection was 80.15% and 33.33%, respectively.46.15% of CDCs had special funds. Direct network reporting rates were 100%. 83.88% CDCs could go to investigate for the event within six hours after receiving the report. Conclusions The framework of emergency system was established in the Zhongshan city.However, there were still lack of an effective emergency plan and the system was not fully prepared. For instance, the units were not fully equipped and the funding was not sufficient.Effective measures should be adopted to strengthen the emergency capacity.