海口外来人员及本地回归人员疟疾监测分析

An Analysis of Surveillance on Malaria among the Nonnatives and Returning Natives in Haikou

本文报导了1994—1996年海口外来人员及部分从省外、国外返回人员疟疾监测结果。监测对象共2,924人,其中外来人员为2,714人,从省外、国外返回人员为210人。作者采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测疟原虫DNA,用血液涂片检查疟原虫。检测样本共2,924份,PCR检出阳性674份,阳性率为23.05%(674/2,924);血液涂片检出阳性337份,阳性率为11.52%(337/2,914)。外来人员样本共2,714份,PCR检出阳性667份,阳性率为24.58%(667/2,714),血液涂片检出阳性332份,阳性率12.23%(332/2,714);从省外、国外返回人员样本210份PCR检出阳性7份,阳性率3.33%(7/210);血液涂片检出阳性5份,阳性率2.38%(5/210)。作者指出,1996年海南省流动人口达100万,这一人群活动性大,居住分散,如不加强疟疾监测,将成为海南疟疾扩散、流行及传入传出的重要因素。作者建议对旅行者应加强宣传防疟知识,根据具体情况选择预防疟疾的药物,以防止旅行者及旅行地人群感染疟原虫以致发病或进一步扩散。

The results of surveillance on malaria among some nonnatives and returning natives from abroad and other provinces during 1994—1996 were reported in this paper. Among 2,924 subjects, 2,712 persons were nonnatives from other provences, 210 persons were natives from abroad or other provinces. In this study, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used in detecting plasmodial DNA and blood smear examination detecting plasmodium. Among 2,924 samples, 674 samples were found positive by PCR, the positive rate was 23.05% (674/2924); 337 samples were found positive by blood smear examination, the positive rete was 11.52% (337/2924). Among 2,714 samples of nonnatives, 667 samples were found positive by PCR, the positive rate was 24.58% (667/2714); 332 sample were found positive by blood smear examination, the positive rate was 12.23% (332/2714). Among 210 samples of returning natives from abroad or other provinces, 7 samples were found postive by PCR, the postive rate wes 3.33% (7/210); 5 samples were found postive by blood smear examination, the positive rate was 2.38% (5/210). The authors pointed out that there were almost 1 million floating population in Hainan province, and these peoples were of high mobility and dispersion of residences. If not enforcing surveillance on malaria, the floating population would become an important factor in malaria spreading, epidemic and transmitting into or out of Hainan province. The authors also suggested that dissemination of the knowledge how to prevent malaria should be enforced among travellers, the antimalarials should be chosen according to concrete conditions, so as to prevent travellers form infecting malaria parasites and to control malaria spreading.